中文
Ship-to-ship (STS) operations involve the transfer of cargo between two ships. This operation not only requires a high degree of technical support, but also must strictly adhere to a series of safety regulations and operating procedures. It is usually carried out while the ship is stationary or sailing. This operation is very common in the transportation of oil, gas and other liquid cargoes, especially in deep sea areas far from ports.
Before conducting a ship-to-ship (STS) operation, several key factors must be thoroughly evaluated to ensure the safety and efficiency of the operation. The following are the main factors to be aware of:
● Consider the size difference between the two ships and their possible interaction effects
● Determine the mooring main hoses and their quantity
● Make it clear which ship will maintain a constant course and speed (the constant heading ship) and which ship will maneuver (the maneuvering ship).
● Maintain an appropriate approach speed (usually 5 to 6 knots) and ensure that the relative headings of the two vessels do not differ too much.
● Wind speed should not normally exceed 30 knots and the wind direction should avoid being opposite to the tide direction.
● Swell height is usually limited to 3 meters, and for very large crude carriers (VLCCs), the limit may be stricter.
● Ensure weather forecasts remain within acceptable parameters and factor in possible time extensions to account for unforeseen delays.
● Ensure that the sea area in the operation area is unobstructed, usually requiring no obstacles within 10 nautical miles.
● Ensure at least 4 jumbo fenders are installed in appropriate locations, usually on the maneuvering boat.
● Determine the berthing side based on the ship's maneuvering characteristics and other factors.
● Mooring arrangements should be ready for rapid deployment and all lines should be through closed fairleads approved by the Classification Society.
● Establish and clearly define the suspension criteria. If environmental conditions change or important equipment fails, the operation should be suspended immediately.
During the STS crude oil transfer process, ensuring the safe connection between the two ships is the top priority. Fender system is a key equipment to protect ships from collision and friction. According to standard requirements, at least four jumbo fenders need to be installed, which are usually installed on the maneuvering boat to provide additional protection. Fenders not only reduce direct contact between the hulls, but also absorb impact and prevent damage to the hull. CDSR not only provides STS oil hoses, but also supplies a series of rubber fenders and other accessories to meet the needs of different customers. CDSR can provide customized products according to customer requirements, ensuring that all equipment complies with international standards and safety regulations.
Date: 14 Feb 2025